Metoclopramide accelerates gastric emptying and increases lower esophageal sphincter tone by blocking dopamine D2 receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) and gastrointestinal tract. This action promotes motility and reduces nausea and vomiting. It also influences serotonin receptors, contributing to its antiemetic effects.
Following intravenous administration, metoclopramide rapidly distributes throughout the body, achieving peak plasma concentrations within 30 minutes. Its elimination half-life is approximately 5 hours. Metabolism occurs primarily in the liver, with excretion primarily via the kidneys. Renal impairment significantly alters pharmacokinetics, necessitating dose adjustments. For instance, a lower dose or less frequent administration is recommended for patients with impaired renal function.
Absorption after oral administration is variable and can be affected by food. Bioavailability is roughly 70%, but food delays absorption and reduces peak concentrations. Therefore, intravenous administration, as indicated by “Metoclopramide 10 mg IV”, bypasses this variability and provides a more predictable and rapid onset of action.
Consider individual patient factors, including age, hepatic and renal function, when determining appropriate dosage and frequency. Always consult relevant prescribing information for complete details and specific guidelines.
