Levofloxacin, while effective, carries potential side effects. Monitor patients closely for these reactions.
Gastrointestinal Effects
Expect nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea in some patients. These are usually mild and resolve without intervention. Severe cases may require supportive care, such as antiemetics or fluid replacement.
Central Nervous System Effects
Headache, dizziness, and insomnia are common. Rarely, more serious CNS reactions such as seizures, hallucinations, or confusion can occur. Immediate medical attention is necessary for such severe reactions. Consider alternative antibiotics if a patient has a history of seizures or CNS disorders.
Hypersensitivity Reactions
Allergic reactions range from mild rash to life-threatening anaphylaxis. Patients should be observed for skin reactions, swelling, and difficulty breathing. Epinephrine should be readily available in case of anaphylaxis. A history of allergy to fluoroquinolones is a contraindication to levofloxacin use.
Other Potential Adverse Reactions
Tendinitis and tendon rupture, particularly in the Achilles tendon, are possibilities, especially in older adults or those on concomitant corticosteroid therapy. Peripheral neuropathy, characterized by numbness, tingling, or pain, can also occur. QT prolongation, leading to potentially fatal arrhythmias, is a rare but serious risk. Careful monitoring of electrocardiograms (ECGs) is advisable, particularly in patients with pre-existing heart conditions. Proper hydration is crucial.
Reporting Adverse Events
Thorough documentation of all adverse reactions is vital. Report suspected adverse reactions to the appropriate regulatory authorities. This helps ensure patient safety and improves understanding of the drug’s profile.
