Diuretics, also known as water pills, increase urine production by affecting how your kidneys handle sodium and water. They work primarily by blocking the reabsorption of sodium in different parts of the kidney, causing more sodium and water to be excreted.
Several types exist, each targeting a specific part of the kidney’s nephron. Loop diuretics like furosemide act on the loop of Henle, powerfully increasing sodium and water excretion. Thiazide diuretics, such as hydrochlorothiazide, affect the distal convoluted tubule, resulting in a more moderate diuretic effect. Potassium-sparing diuretics, like spironolactone, act on the collecting duct, minimizing potassium loss.
The effects vary depending on the type and dosage. Common effects include increased urination, decreased blood volume and blood pressure. However, side effects are possible, including dehydration, electrolyte imbalances (particularly low potassium levels), dizziness, and muscle cramps. Proper monitoring and adherence to prescribed dosages are vital for minimizing risks.
Your doctor will carefully consider your individual health needs before prescribing a diuretic. They will assess your overall health, monitor your fluid balance, and check your electrolyte levels. Regular blood tests are often recommended to track these levels and adjust medication as needed.
