Ciprofloxacin targets bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. These enzymes are crucial for bacterial DNA replication, transcription, and repair.
Inhibition of DNA Gyrase and Topoisomerase IV
Ciprofloxacin binds to these enzymes, preventing them from functioning correctly. This blockage halts DNA replication, leading to bacterial cell death. Specifically, it inhibits the ATPase activity of these enzymes, disrupting the crucial supercoiling process necessary for bacterial DNA management.
Mechanism Differences Between Bacteria and Humans
Fortunately, human cells lack these specific enzymes. This difference in cellular mechanisms explains Ciprofloxacin’s targeted action against bacteria while leaving human cells relatively unharmed. This selective toxicity is key to its antibacterial efficacy.
Specific Bacterial Targets
Ciprofloxacin is particularly effective against gram-negative bacteria such as E. coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, known for their resistance to other antibiotics. Its ability to effectively target these resistant strains makes it a valuable tool in treating infections caused by them.
